What Does Political Science Study: An Overview of the Different Areas of Research

Introduction

Political science is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of governments, public policies, and political behavior. It is a broad field of study that encompasses a range of topics, from the analysis of political systems to the examination of international relations. Political science seeks to understand how and why people make decisions about politics, as well as the implications of those decisions for individuals and societies.

At its core, political science is concerned with the ways in which power is distributed and exercised in societies. It seeks to understand the various forces that shape political behavior and decision-making, as well as the impact of those decisions on society. In doing so, it draws on a variety of different disciplines, such as sociology, economics, psychology, law, and history.

Influence of Political Science on Other Disciplines

Political science has exerted a profound influence on many other disciplines. According to one scholar, “Political science has had and continues to have a major influence on the development of other social sciences and humanities disciplines.” For example, political science has helped to shape the fields of sociology, economics, psychology, law, and history.

In sociology, for instance, political science has helped to shape research on social movements and collective action. Economic research has been influenced by political science’s focus on public policy and the role of institutions in shaping economic outcomes. Psychology research has benefited from political science’s insights into decision-making and group dynamics. And legal studies has incorporated political science’s insights into the relationship between law and politics.

Different Areas of Study Within Political Science

Within political science, there are several distinct sub-disciplines that focus on different topics. These include comparative politics, which examines the similarities and differences between different political systems; international relations, which examines the interactions between states and other actors in the international system; political theory, which examines the nature of justice and power; and public policy, which examines the process by which governments make decisions.

Each of these sub-disciplines has its own unique set of topics. Comparative politics, for example, may examine the structure and functioning of democracies, autocracies, and other types of political systems. International relations may focus on the causes of war, the dynamics of diplomacy, or the impact of globalization. Political theory may analyze the works of major political thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Marx. And public policy may examine the ways in which governments design and implement policies to address social and economic issues.

Link Between Political Science and Governmental Decision-Making

Political science is also closely linked to governmental decision-making. As political scientist Robert Dahl noted, “Political scientists are concerned not only with the description of political phenomena but also with their explanation and prediction.” By understanding the factors that shape political behavior, political scientists can provide insight into the likely outcomes of different policy choices. This information can then be used to inform policy debates and help governments make more informed decisions.

For example, political science research can help governments anticipate the consequences of their decisions. Research on public opinion can shed light on how citizens are likely to respond to different policy proposals. Research on the behavior of interest groups can provide insight into how they will react to proposed policies. And research on the dynamics of international relations can offer insight into how foreign governments may respond to particular policy initiatives.

Impact of Political Science on World Affairs

Political science also has an important role to play in international affairs. As former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said, “Political science provides us with the tools to understand and manage the complex relationships among nations.” By understanding the forces that shape international relations, political scientists can provide insight into how to best manage conflicts and promote cooperation between countries.

For example, research on international organizations can help policymakers understand how to best use these bodies to advance their interests. Research on regional dynamics can provide insight into how certain regions are likely to respond to particular policies. And research on international law can help governments navigate the complexities of the global legal system.

Role of Political Science in Modern Society

Political science also has an important role to play in modern society. As political scientist Robert Putnam argued, “The practice of democracy requires knowledge, and political science is the source of much of this knowledge.” By providing insight into the dynamics of politics and policymaking, political science can help citizens better understand the issues facing their societies and inform their decisions at the ballot box.

Political science can also help citizens engage in public discourse. Through research on the media, political scientists can provide insight into how news coverage shapes public opinion. Through research on advocacy networks, political scientists can help citizens understand how to effectively organize and mobilize around particular issues. And through research on grassroots campaigns, political scientists can help citizens understand how to mobilize support for a cause.

Comparison of Different Schools of Thought in Political Science

Finally, political science encompasses a wide range of different schools of thought. These include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism, and libertarianism. Each of these schools of thought has its own unique perspective on politics and policy. Liberalism, for example, emphasizes the importance of individual liberty and free markets. Conservatism emphasizes traditional values and the importance of preserving order. Socialism emphasizes the need for greater economic equality. Anarchism emphasizes the need for decentralization of power. And libertarianism emphasizes limited government and individual freedom.

Conclusion

Political science is an important field of study that encompasses a wide range of topics, from the analysis of political systems to the examination of international relations. It has had a profound influence on many other disciplines, and its insights have been used to inform governmental decision-making and shape world affairs. Additionally, political science plays an important role in modern society, helping citizens better understand the issues facing their communities and informing their decisions at the ballot box. Finally, political science encompasses a variety of different schools of thought, each with its own unique perspective on politics and policy.