Introduction
Autism is a complex neurological disorder that can affect a person’s ability to interact with others, communicate, behave, and more. People with autism often have difficulty forming relationships, understanding social cues, and expressing themselves. It is estimated that one in 54 children in the United States is on the autism spectrum, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
If you think you may be autistic, it is important to understand the signs and symptoms of the disorder so that you can seek help if necessary. Below, we will explore the common signs of autism, as well as provide resources for further assistance.
Difficulty With Social Interactions
Social interaction can be difficult for people with autism. This can include having trouble forming connections with others and maintaining those connections. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, “Many individuals with autism have difficulty forming relationships with peers, and lack of social skills is one of the core features of autism.”
People with autism may also have difficulty showing empathy or understanding social cues. They may not pick up on jokes or sarcasm, or they may take things literally. They may also struggle with making eye contact or engaging in small talk.
Repetitive Behaviors and Interests
Repetitive behaviors and interests are common among people with autism. These can include repetitive movements, such as hand-flapping or rocking, or fixating on specific interests. For example, someone with autism may become obsessed with cars or dinosaurs, and they may focus all their energy on learning about them.
This type of behavior can be comforting to someone with autism, as it provides structure and predictability. As the Autism Research Institute states, “Repetitive behaviors are often seen as self-stimulatory activities that bring comfort and a sense of control to the individual.”
Sensory Sensitivities
People with autism may be unusually sensitive to certain sounds, smells, or textures. They may also be over- or under-responsive to stimuli. For example, someone with autism may be overly sensitive to loud noises, or they may not respond at all to pain.
These sensitivities can cause distress and confusion for someone with autism, as they may not be able to make sense of the sensations they are feeling. As the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association explains, “Individuals with autism may experience sensory overload, which is an overwhelming reaction to sensory input.”
Trouble With Communication
Communication can be a challenge for people with autism. They may have difficulty producing speech, or they may have difficulty comprehending speech. They may also struggle with understanding nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language.
According to the Autism Society, “People with ASD [autism spectrum disorder] may have difficulty initiating or sustaining a conversation and may appear to be uninterested in other people.” They may also use language in unusual ways, such as repeating words or phrases over and over.
Difficulty Understanding Nonverbal Cues
Nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions and body language, can be difficult for people with autism to interpret. They may have difficulty understanding what other people are trying to convey through their expressions and gestures. They may also struggle with making and maintaining eye contact.
As the National Autistic Society explains, “Eye contact can be particularly challenging for some people with autism. Some people may find it difficult to engage in eye contact or find it uncomfortable or even painful.”
Unusual Reactions to Changes in Routine
Changes in routine can be especially difficult for people with autism. They may have trouble adjusting to new situations or environments, and they may be rigid in their daily activities. They may also become overwhelmed or distressed if their routine is disrupted.
As the Autism Speaks website explains, “Routines can offer structure, security, and a sense of control for people with autism. When routines are disrupted, it can lead to anxiety and behavioral outbursts.”
Conclusion
Autism is a complex neurological disorder that can affect social interactions, communication, behavior, and more. The signs of autism can vary from person to person, but there are some common signs to look out for. These can include difficulty with social interactions, repetitive behaviors and interests, sensory sensitivities, trouble with communication, difficulty understanding nonverbal cues, and unusual reactions to changes in routine.
If you think you may be autistic, it is important to seek help from a professional. There are many resources available to help people with autism, including support groups, therapy, and medication. No matter what, it is important to remember that you are not alone.
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