How Does an Inhaler Work? A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

The human respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that are responsible for the intake of oxygen into the body and the release of carbon dioxide from the body. The air we breathe in enters the nose or mouth and travels down the windpipe (trachea) to the lungs. From there, oxygen passes through the alveoli, which are tiny sacs in the lungs, and into the bloodstream. This process is known as gas exchange.

An inhaler is a device used to deliver medication directly to the lungs. It is commonly prescribed to those who have asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions. Inhalers come in various forms, such as metered-dose inhaler (MDI), dry powder inhaler (DPI), and nebulizer.

How Does an Inhaler Work?

An inhaler works by delivering medication directly to the lungs via a mist or aerosol. The inhaler is filled with a liquid form of the medication, which is then converted into a fine mist when the user exhales. When the user inhales, the mist is drawn into the lungs where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly and efficiently.

There are several components of an inhaler that work together to deliver the medication. The canister contains the medication in liquid form. The valve controls the flow of the medication and prevents it from being released until the user activates the inhaler. The mouthpiece is where the user places their lips to inhale the medication. Lastly, the actuator releases the medication when the user presses down on the canister.

Steps for Using an Inhaler Correctly

It is important to use an inhaler correctly to ensure that the medication is delivered into the lungs effectively. Here are the steps for using an inhaler correctly:

• Shake the inhaler before use.
• Remove the cap from the inhaler.
• Breathe out slowly and completely.
• Place the mouthpiece in your mouth and close your lips around it.
• Press down on the canister with your thumb to release the medication.
• At the same time, start to inhale slowly and deeply.
• Hold your breath for 10 seconds after inhaling.
• Replace the cap on the inhaler.

It is also important to store and maintain an inhaler properly. An inhaler should be stored at room temperature and away from direct sunlight. It should also be kept clean and free of dust and dirt. Finally, an inhaler should be replaced every 3-5 years, depending on the manufacturer’s instructions.

Common Side Effects of Using an Inhaler

Using an inhaler can cause certain side effects, such as coughing, throat irritation, increased heart rate, and headaches. These side effects may be more common when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). If any of these side effects occur, contact your doctor immediately.

According to a study published in Respiratory Medicine, “Use of inhalers was associated with an increased risk of oral candidiasis, particularly in patients using corticosteroid inhalers.”¹ Therefore, it is important to practice good oral hygiene while using an inhaler.

Conclusion

An inhaler is a medical device used to deliver medication directly to the lungs. It works by converting the liquid medication into a mist that is inhaled into the lungs. To use an inhaler correctly, it is important to follow the steps outlined above and to store and maintain the inhaler properly. Common side effects of using an inhaler include coughing, throat irritation, increased heart rate, and headaches.

By understanding how an inhaler works and taking the necessary steps to use it correctly, you can ensure that the medication is delivered effectively into the lungs.

¹García-Cortés, M., Ponce-de-León, S., & Campo-Arias, A. (2008). Oral Candidiasis and Inhaler Use. Respiratory Medicine, 102(11), 1617–1623. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.